Expectant individuals often confront the issue of dry eyes as a result of the hormonal fluctuations that accompany pregnancy. These hormonal changes can impair tear secretion and lead to diminished levels of eye moisture, resulting in dryness.
The prevalence of dry eyes tends to increase during pregnancy. Although the exact reason behind this is not entirely understood, it is suggested that the hormonal adjustments may hinder the eyes’ capacity to generate an adequate volume of tears. Dealing with dry eyes while pregnant can be quite bothersome, but there are a variety of treatments available to provide relief.
In this article, we’ll explore the signs and origins of dry eyes during pregnancy. Additionally, we’ll offer insights into both home care methods and professional healthcare interventions to help manage and mitigate this condition.
Symptoms of dry eyes during pregnancy
A person with dry eyes may experience several indicators, such as:
- A persistent sensation of dryness, itchiness, or discomfort in the eyes
- An increased necessity to blink often to attempt relief
- Hypersensitivity to bright lights
- Excessive tearing or watery eyes
- The presence of dried mucus or stringy discharge in the eye corners
- Eyes appearing red or inflamed
- Difficulties with inserting or removing contact lenses, for individuals who use them
- Fluctuations in vision quality
- A feeling of fatigue or heaviness in the eyelids
- The feeling that there is a foreign object in the eyes
Causes
The increased occurrence of dry eyes during pregnancy is not entirely grasped by researchers; however, current studies affirm that it is a common issue. For instance, a 2019 study in Nigeria observed that dry eyes were most prevalent in the third trimester and decreased to the lowest levels six weeks after childbirth.
Generally, females are more prone to dry eyes than males, particularly when undergoing hormonal transitions such as pregnancy, menopause, or when using certain contraceptives.
One factor is the disparity in androgen hormones, including testosterone, which is higher in males and assists in tear production through the lacrimal glands. Lower levels of these hormones in females could contribute to higher instances of dry eyes.
Nevertheless, during pregnancy, androgens like testosterone typically surge by roughly 70%, which would not solely account for dry eyes in pregnancy. Estradiol, another hormone that increases during pregnancy and is more predominant in females, might negate androgens’ beneficial impact on tear production, perhaps clarifying why dry eyes worsen as pregnancy progresses.
Besides hormonal shifts, a variety of health issues and lifestyle choices can induce dry eyes, warranting a doctor’s assessment. These could include:
allergic reactions
deficiencies in vitamin A
extensive screen use
autoimmune disorders such as lupus
medications like antihistamines or NSAIDs
Complications with skin conditions, such as rosacea or eczema, which might exacerbate during pregnancy, could also contribute to dry eyes associated with hormonal changes.
Home-Based Solutions
To mitigate dry eye symptoms, individuals might consider:
Increasing fluid intake to avoid dehydration.
Employing a humidifier to add moisture to dry indoor air.
Using artificial tear drops available without prescription.
Ingesting supplements rich in fatty acids, for instance, fish oil or omega-3 supplements.
Wearing sunglasses when outdoors to protect the eyes from the sun’s rays.
Applying warm compresses or performing eyelid massages.
Steering clear of placing fans or heaters near the face as they can enhance eye dryness.
It’s advised to avoid using potential irritants around the eyes, including certain lotions and eye makeup. By methodically eliminating products one at a time and monitoring symptoms, an individual may be able to identify which, if any, are exacerbating their dry eye problems.
Medical Interventions
To tackle dry eyes appropriately, healthcare providers must first identify the underlying cause. For conditions like autoimmune diseases, a patient might be referred to a specialist, but commonly, treatments such as prescription eye drops may be provided.
The range of medical interventions includes:
Prescribed Medications: For severe dry eyes, a doctor might prescribe specialized eye drops to enhance tear quality or reduce ocular inflammation.
Tear Duct Plugs: Small, removable plugs can be inserted by a doctor into the tear ducts to slow the drainage of tears, helping to keep the eyes moist.
Anti-inflammatory Steroids: Inflamed eyes might benefit from steroid-based treatments, with options including creams for the eyelids or steroid-infused eye drops.
Nighttime Eye Goggles: Moisture-retaining goggles can prevent dryness overnight; these might be used in tandem with other treatments like lubricating ointments.
Antibiotics: Certain antibiotics can serve dual purposes by reducing inflammation and addressing symptoms of dry eyes, although their use during pregnancy needs careful consideration.
Surgical Options: In refractory cases, surgical interventions might be suggested to either permanently close the tear ducts or perform procedures such as partial eyelid stitching (tarsorrhaphy) to maintain eye moisture.
Summary
Hormonal shifts during pregnancy can intensify dry eyes, which although typically non-critical, can disrupt daily comfort and activities. There is a spectrum of solutions for symptomatic relief, but pregnant persons should be mindful when considering treatments due to potential risks. Medical professionals such as doctors, optometrists, or ophthalmologists can guide expectant mothers on the most appropriate and safe treatment options.
