Migraine is a widely prevalent condition, impacting an estimated 37 million individuals in the United States and up to 148 million people globally. There’s also emerging evidence pointing to an upward trend in migraine occurrence worldwide.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that migraines are approximately twice as frequent in women than in men.
Typically, migraines are characterized by a moderate to intense headache as the foremost symptom, with about 85% of those suffering from migraines experiencing pulsating pain. Moreover, the discomfort is unilateral in close to 60% of the cases, and about 80% of sufferers report feelings of nausea, while vomiting affects 30%. Additionally, nearly all individuals dealing with migraine (90%) are highly sensitive to bright lights, and a similar percentage (80%) react negatively to loud sounds.
Here, we address 11 myths related to migraines, spanning topics from drugs and caffeine to diet and beyond. To debunk these myths, we sought insights from three specialists:
Dr. Vernon Williams, a board-certified neurologist and sports neurologist, who also serves as the head of the Center for Sports Neurology and Pain Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Kerlan-Jobe Institute in Los Angeles, CA.
Dr. Medhat Mikhael, a pain management expert and head of the non-surgical program at the Spine Health Center at Memorial Care Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA.
Dr. Jennifer McVige, a specialist in pediatric neurology with certifications in adult and pediatric headache, as well as neuroimaging. She is currently leading the Concussion Center at DENT Neurologic Institute, located in Amherst, NY.
Misconceptions about migraine severity
Migraines are sometimes dismissed as minor, but without proper treatment, they can become chronic and profoundly interfere with daily life, says Dr. Mikhael. In a review on migraine impact, authors note that migraines can lead to lower work productivity and upset personal life balance.
Although a rare kind, hemiplegic migraines, can lead to severe neurological symptoms and occasionally, stroke. Dr. Mikhael explains that these affect only a small fraction of people. Most recover from their symptoms swiftly, but there are exceptional cases where effects are long-term.
Simplifying migraines as mere headaches
Migraines go beyond being just a headache. Dr. McVige clarifies that migraines, a complex neurological condition, can come without any headache. Dr. Williams concurs, describing migraines as intense headaches that come with additional burdens like light sensitivity and nausea, which can significantly affect one’s life.
Dr. Williams also mentions the prodrome phase, signaling the start of a migraine, which could present symptoms like mood changes and neck stiffness. Recognizing these signs can lead to early treatment and better management outcomes.
The complicated link between caffeine and migraines
Caffeine doesn’t inherently cause migraines, but it can be a trigger for some, Dr. Mikhael points out. Caffeine may help some at the start of a migraine, but Dr. McVige warns against habitual use for relief. Interestingly, it’s more often caffeine withdrawal that prompts migraines. Experts suggest caffeine should not be altogether avoided by migraine patients, but moderation is crucial.
No definitive cure, but numerous treatments for migraines
Dr. Mikhael emphasizes there is currently no cure for migraines, but various treatments are available to control and prevent frequent episodes.
Myriad approaches to migraine management
Numerous medications and methods exist to manage migraines effectively, Dr. Mikhael assures. Dr. Williams recommends lifestyle changes alongside medication to mitigate migraine triggers, potentially reducing the need for medication and avoiding side effects like overuse headaches.
Diagnosing migraines goes beyond imaging
Migraine diagnosis doesn’t rely on scans but rather on clinical insights, Dr. Mikhael states. Imaging may be used to rule out other conditions when symptoms are atypical, says Dr. McVige, but typically migraine diagnosis involves tracking a history of symptoms.
Navigating migraines in pregnancy
Dr. Mikhael advises that some migraine medicines are relatively safe to use during pregnancy, particularly after the first trimester. Pre-pregnancy planning is key, Dr. McVige adds, for a safer health strategy.
Diet isn’t the sole answer to preventing migraines
A healthy diet helps but is not the sole preventer of migraines, notes Dr. Mikhael. Factors like stress, insufficient sleep, and hormonal changes also play roles in triggering migraines.
Supplements’ role in migraine relief
While supplements can offer some benefit, they are by no means a universal solution to migraines, clarifies Dr. Mikhael. Just like prescription medicines, their effectiveness varies from person to person, adds Dr. McVige.
Auras don’t define all migraines
Dr. Mikhael dispels the common belief that aura symptoms are necessary for a migraine diagnosis, indicating that many migraines occur without them.
Ongoing research pushing migraine understanding
Dr. Mikhael refutes any claim that migraine research is at a standstill. Recent developments like FDA-approved neuromodulation devices underscore the enduring progress in treatment options, as reported by Dr. McVige.
Summary
In essence, while migraine is multifaceted and challenging, continuous research and a spectrum of treatments bring promise for effective control and enhanced quality of life for sufferers.
